Citing References on text

Citing References on text

1. One work by one author

Paul Kennedy

Direct :

"Any attempt to estimate whether today's new technologies can solve an impending demographic crisis needs to be placed in context." (Kennedy, 1993, P. 47)

Indirect :

Kennedy (1993:47) stated that an impending demographic crisis can be solved with new technologies.

2. One work by multiple authors

Jane Simpson and Gillian Wigglesworth

Direct : 

“Children learn the language, or languages, of the community they grow up in, and they learn language apparently with very little effort.” (Simpson & Wigglesworth, 2008, p.14)

Indirect :

Simpson and Wigglesworth (2008) stated that children learn language by their environment and with little effort.

3. Groups of authors

Direct

Delivering more connectivity and better networks in a country as large and as sparsely populated as Australia is no easy thing.( Telstra Corporation Ltd,2015,P7)

Ini Direct

Telstra Corporation Ltd (2015) stated that Delivering more connectivity and better networks in a country as large and as sparsely populated.

4. Same surname

Mark Anderson and Kathy Anderson

Direct :

"There are two main categories of texts - literacy and factual." (Anderson, M., and Anderson, K., 1995, P. 1)

Indirect :

M. Anderson and K. Anderson (1995) wrote that texts divided into literacy and factual.

5. Secondary sources

Direct  :

Martin and cited by Swales

“Genres are how things get done, when language is used to accomplish them.”

(Martin, 1985, as cited in Swales, 1997, P. 26).

Indirect :

Martin (1985) as cited in Swales (1997) stated that when things get done with language is accomplishing it is called as genre.